Sugar

While often demonized, sugar plays a complex role in our diets. Understanding its various forms and how our bodies utilize it is key to making informed choices about consumption. Sugar, broadly speaking, refers to a class of carbohydrates that provide energy. This includes naturally occurring sugars in fruits and vegetables (fructose, glucose), lactose in dairy, and added sugars like sucrose (table sugar), high-fructose corn syrup, and honey.

Our bodies break down sugars into glucose, which is the primary fuel source for our cells. Glucose powers everything from muscle function to brain activity. When we consume sugar, insulin is released to help transport glucose from the bloodstream into cells. However, consistently high intakes of added sugars can overwhelm this system, leading to insulin resistance and other metabolic issues. Therefore, moderation and choosing natural sources of sugar are crucial.

Beyond simple energy, some sugars offer additional nutritional value. Fruits, for instance, contain fructose alongside...